BDRA and Janus

Janus, the Roman god who gave his name to January, looked in two directions at once. The same is true, in more than one respect, of BDRA.

First, although it is a research alliance and has a particularly strong research record, BDRA is also a teaching group, through its Carpe Diem workshops and dissemination of its research findings. Its teaching activities, based in part on its research, will be very much enhanced by the MIET programme soon to be launched.

Second, BDRA faces both into the University of Leicester and outwards, well beyond it. Through its staff collaborating with other departments and units in carrying out research and teaching, BDRA has a greater impact internally than is usual for groups of its size and character. Beyond the university, BDRA has become well-known through bidding successfully for research funds from national bodies such as JISC and the HEA, as well as through conferences and publications. But it has also entered into partnerships involving other universities keen to upgrade their students’ e-learning.

As a Visiting Professor in BDRA, I’m aware of the wide range of BDRA’s activities and the heavy workload of its staff. This blog displays some of what’s going on, but there is more, much more, if you visit BDRA’s web site.

Janus is sometimes regarded as the god who looks forwards as well as backwards. BDRA staff can look back with pride at their achievements. As for the future, BDRA is at the forefront: it looks ahead, like Janus.

David Hawkridge

Guide dogs and iPads

The Higher Education Academy’s annual conference was a great opportunity to meet other academics engaged in improving the teaching and learning going on in UK universities. I attended some really interesting presentations, one of which made me think about the nature of “progress”, and how we need to consider the down- as well as the up-sides of new technologies.

It was a presentation on catering for diversity in abilities, in particular about generating and delivering content in forms usable by everyone – so no fancy fonts, text as images, oddly coloured text, that sort of thing.

A questioner asked about possible pitfalls in assuming that one particular type of content was automatically more accessible than another. He cited the dropping of curbs to allow wheelchair users to cross the road more easily. Apparently, this causes problems for visually impaired people, since the curb was a useful marker for the boundary between road and pavement; what’s more, guide dogs are trained to stop at the curb – no curb is confusing.

At the same time, I noticed the chap next to me sporting a shiny new iPad. Every now and then, he would pick it up, start an app, use it for a couple of minutes, go back to the “home” screen, and put the iPad back on the table. Simple enough so far, but the odd thing was, whenever he put it down, he would turn it over, so the screen faced the table. Being a psychologist at heart, I started wondering about the cause of this behaviour.

My conclusion was that he was used to closing a laptop when he finished with it, and placing the iPad face down was the nearest equivalent. Of course, this  doesn’t save power, like closing a laptop, and the home page is hardly confidential data, but somehow he felt the need to turn the iPad over in order for it to support his perceived needs. I’m sure Apple considered (and rejected, for good reason) a big power button on the front, but probably didn’t anticipate users continually turning the device over.

These examples emphasise the need for careful  testing of new technologies with genuine users in real situations before promoting new technologies to the world. The HEA-funded SWIFT project for example, for which Beyond Distance is organising the research, is a major three year project to investigate the use of virtual worlds in the learning and teaching of practical laboratory skills. We are getting a good idea of what virtual worlds do well, but we need to find the hidden drawbacks before we can confidently promote virtual worlds as effective educational tools.

We need to consider the equivalent of white lines on dropped curb edges and big power buttons on the iPad. Only then can we be sure that the advantages outweigh the drawbacks.

Paul Rudman, BDRA

Don’t know your ePub from your JPEG?

I was talking with one of my fellow Learning Technologists the other day and mentioned that I’d ‘googled’ something. Technically I’m not sure whether ‘googling’ and ‘googled’ are actually words but it did get me to thinking about some of the technical jargon that I use in my daily work. I’ve made a list below of some of the common words (and their definitions) that I use regularly:

  • CSS – Cascading StyleSheets. This can be applied to HTML to define the appearance of a website.
  • ePub – Electronic Publication. This file format is the industry standard for creating e-books. It can be used across a range of devices and formatted to display accurately to that device.
  • GIF – Graphics Interface Format. Web friendly file format suitable for graphics only and can support limited animation.
    HTML- HyperText Markup Language. The language used to create websites.
  • JPEG (JPG) - Joint Photographic Experts Group. Web and print friendly file format most commonly used for photographic images.
  • MP3 – Common audio file format. This file format is designed to reduce file size while retaining audio quality.
  • MP4 - Common video file format. It can also be used for audio, still images and subtitles. MP4s tend to produce a smaller file size than other formats while retaining quality making it suitable for Internet streaming.
  • PDF - Portable Document File. This is the standard file format for downloadable, printable documents on the web. This file format can contain text, images or both, as well as hyperlinks. PDFs cannot be easily edited but can be annotated either through a PDF viewer such as Adobe Acrobat or through other open source software.
  • RSS - Commonly known as Really Simple Syndication. This is a web feed which publishes updated information from blogs, news headlines, video and audio in a format that can be easily read through an RSS reader. An RSS feed is constructed using XML (Extensible Markup Language).
  • TIFF -Tagged Image File Format. Print friendly due to its lossless compression which enables it to retain a high quality when edited and then resaved.
  • WAV – Waveform Audio File Format. Windows based file format for audio, tends to produce larger file sizes making it unsuitable for Internet streaming.

This is just a handful of the jargon that I and my fellow Learning Technologists use, and it’s by no means complete! Feel free to comment if you would like a file format, code, or any other jargon briefly explaining or if you’d like to provide an alternative definition for any of the words above.

Emma Davies
Learning Technologist

The future’s not too far off

In 2008 as part of Beyond Distance’s annual conference we ran a session on the lines of BBC’s ‘Dragon’s Den’, where e-learning researchers and practitioners were invited to pitch ideas for funding support to an expert panel.

Conceived as a forum for bringing ideas through a process of scrutiny and providing feedback to the proposers, the ideas pitched were for real but there was no actual pot of funds available to back the ideas.

One of the proposals that was considered ‘fundable’ then was for an e-paper and the technologist who proposed it made a spirited defence of the proposal in the face of stringent questioning by the experts.

The proposed  e-paper was suggested to be a rewritable and flexible display – but not foldable – that was proposed as a significant step-forward from the tethered and portable display units that we were used to.

The logical next step to this was e-readers and tablet PCs, the current pinnacle of which is Apple’s iPad. The reason I mention the ‘futuristic’ proposal from 2008 is within two-and-half year time span ‘electronic paper’ which is bendy, able to retain an image and electronically rewriteable – is getting closer all the time.

In January 2010, LG Electronics showed off a 19in flexible e-paper, and companies such as Plastic Logic and E Ink are getting electronics that look closer to paper all the time.

So the next time an idea is pitched or you spot something interesting in a sci-fi narrative, don’t be surprised to see it in a shop window sometime soon.

Jai Mukherjee, Beyond Distance Research Alliance

On the increase: Online conferences & e-books

BDRA’s very successful annual Learning Futures Festival 2010 for a week in January was online for the first time, and I notice that the Open University’s annual Teaching and Learning Conference will also be online for the first time, June 22-23. BDRA’s was truly international. The OU one may turn out to be so too, with its title: ‘’How does openness affect learning/content/access/teaching?’

The trend to go online for conferences is likely to accelerate in the face of cost-cutting measures in many universities here and abroad. There will always be those who prefer face-to-face meetings, but there’s no doubt that online conferences offer plenty of excellent opportunities to learn and to make new contacts, besides being less costly.

E-books are on the increase too, according to the JISC national e-books observatory project. Because of research I did years ago on IT for learners with disabilities, I took a look at a new practical guide from TechDis (JISC’s agency for such matters), entitled ‘Towards accessible e-book platforms.’ It advises on matters such as magnification, colour change, keyboard access and text to speech

Research at the University of Washington has called in question the large-screen Kindle DX e-book reader. At the University of Virginia, 80% of MBA respondents said they wouldn’t recommend it.

According to Stephen Downes, that inveterate blogger, however, Sony is more optimistic.  Steve Haber, president of Sony’s digital reading business division claims:  “Within five years there will be more digital content sold than physical content”.

It’s going to be interesting to see how students taking BDRA’s new MSc in Innovative Education and Training offered through supported distance learning, make use and take advantage of e-books and e-book readers. If you haven’t already seen the details of this new programme, have a look at  http://www.le.ac.uk/beyonddistance/miet


David Hawkridge

Podcasting – Five years on…

An ELKS Community seminar on the 14th of July 14.00 – 15.00hrs UK time

Podcasting has come a long way since the word ‘podcast’ became the Word of the Year in the New Oxford American Dictionary. Many teachers in universities, colleges and schools now use podcasts to support their students’ learning. There are many examples of students creating podcasts as part of course activity.

But what it is like for a university professor to podcast, year after year for five years? Especially if you are Pro-Vice-Chancellor and a leader of a world-class research group?

Take a bow, John Fothergill.

This professor of Engineering and former Pro Vice Chancellor at the University of Leicester has been hitting the headlines in the national press since 2006 with his innovative uses of podcasting to make the learning of Engineering more effective.

Media coverage of his work has focused on improving teaching, how students learn, and how technology allows campus-based students to study on the move.

John’s use of rap in some of his podcasts is legion. Some of his international students began email his podcasts as sound files to their family and friends back home to share the joys of learning John’s course on ‘Optical Fiber Communication Systems’.

His course is unusual in that it is delivered entirely on-line using the University’s Blackboard VLE, with some face-to-face tutorial support. John used podcasts to help his students to develop good online learning and collaborative skills.

It would be an absolute treat to listen to John (on the 14th of July at 14.00hrs UK time) reflecting on his creation and use of podcasts with his students for the last 5 years.

John plans to share his experience of using learning technologies to address the challenges of teaching a subject like Engineering.

He will provide a convincing argument for incorporating low cost, high impact e-learning technologies such as podcasts into teaching and learning process to support student learning.

This is all possible, he will argue, no matter how busy you are as an academic – after all, John was a Pro Vice Chancellor at Leicester when he started to use podcasts!

In the seminar, John will outline the pedagogical model that he developed to design his course to integrate various e-learning approaches including podcasts and e-tivities.

And, no doubt John will share insights about how his students reacted to podcasts, including the ones who emailed John’s podcasts to their family!

For joining instructions, please visit the ELKS Community site (http://elkscommunity.wetpaint.com/). Look forward to meeting you online on 14th July.

 

Palitha Edirisingha, 15 June 2010

Academia and the civil service: e-learning knowledge exchange

The Media Zoo has recently finished hosting a series of four awareness-raising workshops for training designers and providers in the civil service.

Several months ago, we were approached by the head of learning technology at the Department for Works and Pensions (DWP) to offer guidance for her staff both on the future of learning and the array of current learning technologies as exemplified in our projects. This followed Gilly’s call to the corporate world to improve the quality of training for its workforce.

These workshops proved to be highly popular in the DWP and the civil service generally. They were conducted over two days. (I’ve posted a sample outline at the bottom of this blog entry.)

On Day 1, Ale and I concentrated on presenting the research output of our projects, before giving the participants the opportunity to engage with the technology – Second Life, podcasting, screen capture – in a mini CARPE DIEM.

On Day 2, Sandra and Gilly guided the participants in imagining the future of learning, culminating in the highly popular Google-opoly activity, an output of the CALF project.

We changed the balance of the days’ outlines  depending on the roles of the participants: learning technologists, learning designers or strategic managers.

Such was the success and appeal of the workshops, they had by the final one included representatives not only from the DWP, but also from the Highways Agency, Ministry of Justice, Crown Prosecution Service, Identity and Passport Office, Home Office, UK Borders, HMRC, and The Scottish Government.

For me, the real success lay in the knowledge exchange between our two groups. Here in academia, we have the privilege of researching things that interest us, and applying the results directly to the learner. As a trainer in the civil service, the learning criteria are significantly different, as much teaching/training is based on compliance: a learner must show they’ve undertaken and passed (but not necessarily learned from or even understood) a training module.

I learned a number of things as a result of the workshops:

  • There is huge variety between departments in the quality of training offered.
  • Reinventing the wheel is common, with many departments producing similar courses on identical subjects rather than pooling resources (one reason why OTTER and open educational resources proved so interesting to participants).
  • L&D 2012. This is the plan to consolidate and harmonise training across government.
  • Much training takes place in face-to-face situations. The deliverers of this training are reluctant to change or adapt to online teaching.  
  • The numbers are huge! For example, the DWP trainers are responsible for over 110,000 civil servants.

In the light of the dramatic budget cuts expected in the 22 June budget, I’m certain the workshops were able to offer our civil service counterparts ways and means for dramatically reducing costs and increasing the effectiveness of training.

Schedule_for_workshops (pdf)

Simon Kear
Keeper of the Media Zoo
13 June 2010

The Learning Futures Festival 2010 and OERs

It’s been roughly six months since our very successful (even if I do say so myself!) Learning Futures Festival. Since then, as part of our OTTER project, I’ve been busy beavering (ottering?) away on converting the presentations into OERs (open educational resources).

The OTTER team have taken a while to make sure as many presentations as possible fall under the Creative Commons licence; this has meant replacing slides or editing audio so that there isn’t any infringement. I’ve blogged more about editing video here:

It’s been great to learn how to edit video, however basic, and I’m still on a quest to find the perfect open source cross-platform software.

With copyright cleared and the video edited and uploaded we been able to release over 35 out of approximately 50 keynotes, workshops, presentations and daily addresses. That’s a staggering 70% of all presentations out of our festival which are available for you to download and listen to again.

Now for the really important bit; you can find and download the presentations here:

This is just one way we are helping to contribute to an open future. In addition, publicly releasing these presentations helps make the Learning Futures Festival 2010 a year long event, continually impacting and benefiting new people every day.

Emma Davies
Learning Technologist

Almost a HAND-held LEarning Resource

In my first year as a PhD candidate, in 2000, I helped make a video (stood around with a few spare cables, to be precise) for Tomorrow’s World on a device called HANDLER. We showed children using this device on a history field trip to Birmingham’s canal system.

Prof. Mike Sharples (now director of the Learning Sciences Research Institute at the University of Nottingham) had put together this “HAND-held LEarning Resource”, a tablet PC with touch-screen, camera, text editor, sketchpad, cognitive mapping tool and mobile phone. Each group of children had a device, which gave them their “mission”, allowed them to record their findings (as video, stills, text, sound and sketches), and to communicate with other groups.
iPAD
The HANDLER project at the University of Birmingham researched the educational possibilities of a personal learning device, an always-with-you always-on, information and communication tool.

Sound familiar? Well, it’s not the iPad. Not quite. Not yet. Sorry.

Why not?

Well, the plan was: “It will enable people to browse the web and run multimedia software while on the move, to capture and store images and sounds, to annotate these with notes and sketches, to include this information as part of phone conversations, and organise and share it with people around the world.” (Sharples et al. 2001)

There are two further challenges to be met before Sharples’ vision becomes a reality. One is hardware. Communication is CRUCIAL to success, because feedback from peers and tutors is crucial to effective learning. Skype would do, but that only works in WiFi areas, so yes, a mobile phone voice connection would be really good. The camera is also important, because capturing and sharing images is sometimes the only practical way to have a joint representation of a concept under discussion.

The second challenge is for software. The word is, INTEGRATED. As in “A learner might point the camera and take a picture…then annotate it using the drawing package and drop [that] into a page of notes. A graphical time-line holds all the learning items, including note pages, webpages, individual images, sounds and video.” (Ibid)
At present, the emphasis is on the application. You run a text editor. Or a drawing package. The front-screen of the iPad shows a list of applications.

It needs to show a list of resources – text, picture, combinations – and their relationship with each other. Applications need to change seamlessly and invisibly.
Different, yes?

Does the iPad bring us any closer to this vision?
Yes, definitely.
Is it cool?
Of course!
Does it deliver enough to change the face of learning as we have known it?
Not yet.

So, almost pointless then…

Paul Rudman, BDRA

Sharples, M., Corlett, D., and Westmancott, O. (2001) A systems architecture for handheld learning resources. Proceedings of CAL2001 Conference, Warwick, 2-1 April, pp. 57-58.

Is the iPad a game-changer in education?

In a word, yes.

Or perhaps more accurately, the facilities embodied presently in the iPad will fundamentally alter the way students engage with learning, their educators and their peers.

First, though, it is necessary to deal with the problems. The iPad is expensive, and therefore available only as a consumer item to the better-off students.  It doesn’t multi-task (although I think this issue is over-emphasised), and it doesn’t have a webcam for Skype, etc. And, of course, the available software is highly proprietary.

But perhaps it’s better to concentrate on what this first-generation muncher of digital media does do, bearing in mind that comparisons with current technology such as the netbook really don’t work.

I’ve been getting to grips with my iPad for several days now. The most important thing for me has not been getting used to the hardware and software; it has been changing my mindset. David’s post highlights nicely some advantages and drawbacks, the latter including a lack of a CD/DVD drive. Colleagues here have also pointed out the lack of a USB port.

I don’t believe these factors are important. The iPad is an Internet device. If you can’t connect to the Internet either wirelessly or via 3G, then this device isn’t appropriate. Also, it’s not designed to replace my home PC beast, which I would use for resource-intensive graphics or video-editing work. The iPad is complementary to my other tech. Once I had that clearly in focus, it’s been possible to accomplish everything I wanted.

I set up my own iPad email account on Gmail. I use this to move files on and off the iPad. Videos are brought in via iTunes or YouTube.

I bought the iWorks apps and have been very happily - and comfortably – working on large word-processed documents in Pages. (The iPad screen keyboard is excellent.) For me, this is actually a better experience than using a traditional PC or laptop.

Using my s-video  iPhone cable, I’m able to project video or a Keynote presentation – with sound - onto a screen. (The latter does not need access to the Internet to work; hence should be very useful at conferences.) As a consumer, I can use the same cable to attach the iPad to my TV, giving me a perfect BBC iPlayer device.

The screen quality on the iPad is superb, and the size more than large enough to watch comfortably for hours. The ebooks mentioned by David are very well displayed in protrait mode (although I can’t say how long I could read from the screen). 

The demo of the Financial Times works really well, and I can definitely see the time when my favourite newspaper is available, at which point I will cancel my ’paper’ subscription.

But I’m a geek, so it’s no surprise that I like my shiny, new iPad. So why believe it will be a game-changer? Simply put, it’s the usability of the device: the tactile way you engage with the tech is radically different from anything we’ve seen before, including the iPhone. This is something Sandra touched upon in a previous post.

Spend a few days with the iPad, and you really do start to think of mice and keyboards as – well – antiquated. 

More apps will come, the hardware will change, and not everyone will be convinced. But I do  think Apple have changed the rules of the game again. Just as black and white televisions were relegated to the bedroom once colour screens came in, competitors will need to rethink their products in the light of the iPad.

I don’t think students will be any less affected by this development than other consumers. But it remains for research units such as ours to provide the evidence for this educational game-changer.

Simon Kear
Keeper of the Media Zoo
2 June 2010

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